MEDICAL TERMINOLOGIES

MEDICAL TERMINOLOGIES
WOCKHARDT INSTITUTE OF NURSING
BANGALORE-78.
CREATED BY SHYAM MOHAN


>>>>GIT<<<<

Antacids - Antacids are medicines that neutralize stomach acid.

Antiemitics - Antiemetic drugs are used to prevent vomiting (emesis) in chemotherapy patients and postoperative patients. Antiemetic drugs are drugs used to combat nausea and vomiting.

H2-receptor antagonist - The H2 antagonists are competitive inhibitors of histamine at the parietal cell H2 receptor. They suppress the normal secretion of acid by parietal cells and the meal-stimulated secretion of acid.

Proton pump inhibitor - They are a group of drugs whose main action is pronounced and long-lasting reduction of gastric acid production. They are the most potent inhibitors of acid secretion available today.

Laxatives - Laxatives are products that promote bowel movements.

Antidiarrhoeal -Drug used to treat diarrhoea by absorbing water from the intestine, altering intestinal motility, or adsorbing toxins.



>>>>BLOOD AND BLOOD FORMING ORGANS<<<<

Anticoagulant - Compounds that prevent or slow the process of blood clotting or coagulation, either in samples of blood taken for analysis or in the body.
There are two main types of anticoagulants: heparin and vitamin K antagonists (e.g., warfarin).

Antihypertensives - They are a class of drugs that are used in medicine and pharmacology to treat hypertension (high blood pressure).

Diuretics - Diuretics are medicines that help reduce the amount of water in the body.
Diuretics are used to treat the buildup of excess fluid in the body that occurs with some medical conditions such as congestive heart failure, liver disease, and kidney disease. Some diuretics are also prescribed to treat high blood pressure & help the kidneys eliminate excess salt and water from the body's tissues and blood.

Vasodilators - Vasodilators are medicines that act directly on muscles in blood vessel walls to make blood vessels widen (dilate).
Examples of vasodilators are hydralazine (Apreso-line) and minoxidil (Loniten).

Antianginal - An antianginal is any drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, a symptom of ischaemic heart disease.

Thrombolytic drug - substance, such as streptokinase or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), that causes the breakdown of blood clots that obstruct the flow of blood through the vessels. Its uses include injection during or shortly after a heart attack or stroke to prevent clots from blocking blood flow to the heart muscle or brain.


Antiarrhythmic agent - Antiarrhythmic agents are a group of pharmaceuticals that are used to suppress fast rhythms of the heart (cardiac arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, ventricular tachycardia, and ventricular fibrillation.

Angiotensin - Converting Enzyme Inhibitors- Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (also called ACE inhibitors) are medicines that block the conversion of the chemical angiotensin I to a substance that increases salt and water retention in the body.




ACE inhibitor - Any of a class of drugs that cause vasodilation and are used to treat hypertension and heart failure.

Hypolipidemic agent - are a diverse group of pharmaceuticals that are used in the treatment of hyperlipidemias. They are called lipid-lowering drugs (LLD) or agents.

Beta Blockers - Beta blockers are medicines that affect the body's response to certain nerve impulses. This, in turn, decreases the force and rate of the heart's contractions, which lowers blood pressure and reduces the heart's demand for oxygen.


>>>>SKIN<<<<

Antipruritic - Antipruritics, also known as anti-itch drugs, are medications that inhibit the itching (Latin: pruritus) that is often associated with sunburns, allergic reactions, eczema, psoriasis, chickenpox, fungal infections, insect bites and stings like those from mosquitoes, fleas, and mites, and contact dermatitis and urticaria caused by plants such as poison ivy (urushiol-induced contact dermatitis) or stinging nettle.
Eg : Antihistamines such as diphenhydramine (Benedryl), Corticosteroids such as hydrocortisone topical cream, Local anesthetics such as benzocaine topical cream (Lanacaine), Counterirritants such as mint oil, menthol, or camphor


>>>>REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM <<<<

Hormonal contraception - Hormonal contraception refers to birth control methods that act on the hormonal system.

Fertility drug - Any of a variety of substances used to increase the possibility of conception and successful pregnancy.

Selective estrogen receptor modulator- Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a class of medication that acts on the estrogen receptor.[1] A characteristic that distinguishes these substances from pure receptor agonists and antagonists is that their action is different in various tissues, thereby granting the possibility to selectively inhibit or stimulate estrogen-like action in various tissues.

Sex hormone - Any of various hormones, such as estrogen and androgen, affecting the growth or function of the reproductive organs, the development of secondary sex characteristics, and the behavioral patterns of animals.







>>>>ENDOCRINE SYSTEM<<<<

Antidiabetic drugs - are medicines that help control blood sugar levels in people with diabetes mellitus (sugar diabetes).

Corticosteroids - Corticosteriods are a group of natural and synthetic analogues of the hormones secreted by the hypothalamic-anterior pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, more commonly referred to as the pituitary gland. These include glucocorticoids, which are anti-inflammatory agents with a large number of other functions; mineralocorticoids, which control salt and water balance primarily through action on the kidneys; and corticotropins, which control secretion of hormones by the pituitary gland.




Thyroid Hormones - Thyroid hormones are artificially made hormones that make up for a lack of natural hormones produced by the thyroid gland.eg-levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levoxyl, Levothroid).

>>>>INFECTION & INFESTATIONS<<<<


Antibiotics - Antibiotics may be informally defined as the sub-group of anti-infectives that are derived from bacterial sources and are used to treat bacterial infections.
Eg -Sulfonamides,Declomycin

Antiviral Drugs - Antiviral drugs are medicines that cure or control virus infections.
Eg - there are currently only 11 antiviral drugs available, covering four types of virus.
Acyclovir (Zovirax), famciclovir (Famvir), and valacyclovir (Valtrex) are effective against herpesvirus, including herpes zoster and herpes genitalis.
Amantadine (Symmetrel), oseltamivir (Tamiflu), rimantidine (Flumadine), and zanamivir (Relenza) are useful in treatment of influenza virus.
Amantadine, rimantadine, and oseltamivir may be administered throughout the flu season as preventatives for patients who cannot take influenza virus vaccine.
Cidofovir (Vistide), foscarnet (Foscavir), and ganciclovir (Cytovene) have been beneficial in treatment of cytomegalovirus in immunosupressed patients, primarily HIV-positive patients and transplant recipients.

Vaccine - Agent prepared to produce active immunity that usually kills microbes, attenuated live microbes, or variant strains of microbes and can induce antibody production without producing disease.
A preparation of a weakened or killed pathogen, such as a bacterium or virus, or of a portion of the pathogen's structure that upon administration stimulates antibody production or cellular immunity against the pathogen but is incapable of causing severe infection.

Antifungal drug - An antifungal drug is medication used to treat fungal infections such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis (thrush), serious systemic infections such as cryptococcal meningitis, and others.

Antiprotozoal agent - is a class of pharmaceuticals used in treatment of protozoal infections.
Examples : Eflornithine,Furazolidone,Melarsoprol,Metronidazole,Ornidazole,Paromomycin sulfate,Pentamidine,Pyrimethamine,Tinidazole.

Anthelmintic - Anthelmintics are drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) from the body, by either killing or stunning them. A traditional remedy of this type is often called a vermifuge or vermicide.



>>>>MALIGNANT & IMMUNE DISEASE<<<<

Chemotherapy - Chemotherapy is treatment of cancer with anticancer drugs.

Immunosuppressive drug - any of a variety of substances used to prevent production of antibodies. They are commonly used to prevent rejection by a recipient's body of an organ transplanted from a donor

>>>>MUSCLES, BONES & JOINTS<<<<

Anabolic steroid - A group of synthetic hormones that promote the storage of protein and the growth of tissue, sometimes used by athletes to increase muscle size and strength.

Anti-inflammatory - Preventing or reducing inflammation.

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drug - is a category of drugs used in many autoimmune disorders to slow down disease progression. Their use was first propagated in rheumatoid arthritis (hence their name) but has come to include many other diseases, such as Crohn's disease, lupus erythematosus (SLE), idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), myasthenia gravis and various others.

Muscle relaxant - An agent that specifically aids in reducing muscle tone. Most such agents inhibit the transmission of nerve impulses at the somatic neuromuscular junctions. They include tubocurarine, gallamine, pancuronium, succinylcholine and decamethonium bromide.

>>>>BRAIN & NERVOUS SYSTEM<<<<

Anesthesia - A drug, administered for medical or surgical purposes, that induces partial or total loss of sensation and may be topical, local, regional, or general, depending on the method of administration and area of the body affected.

Analgesic - is any member of the diverse group of drugs used to relieve pain (achieve analgesia).

Anticonvulsants - Anticonvulsants are a class of drugs indicated for the treatment of various types of seizures associated with seizure disorders such as epilepsy, a neurological dysfunction in which excessive surges of electrical energy are emitted in the brain, and other disorders.

Mood stabilizer - A mood stabilizer is a psychiatric medication used to treat mood disorders characterized by rapid and unstable mood shifts. The most common is bipolar disorder, where mood stabilizers suppress swings between mania and depression, and these drugs are also used in borderline personality disorder. Most mood stabilizers are anticonvulsants, with the important exception of lithium, which is the oldest and best known mood stabilizing drug.

Anxiolytic drugs - Preventing or reducing anxiety.Anxiolytic drugs are drugs having anti-anxiety effects. They are sometimes referred to as minor tranquilizers.

Antipsychotic drugs - Antipsychotic drugs are a class of medicines used to treat psychosis and other mental and emotional conditions

Antidepressant Drugs - Antidepressant drugs are medicines that relieve symptoms of depressive disorders.

Stimulant - Something that causes and encourages a given response. A food or drink, especially an alcoholic drink, believed to have a stimulating effect.


>>>>RESPIRATORY SYSTEM<<<<

Bronchodilators - Bronchodilators are medicines that help open the bronchial tubes (airways) of the lungs, allowing more air to flow through them.

Decongestants - Decongestants are medicines used to relieve nasal congestion (stuffy nose).



Antihistamines - Antihistamines are drugs that block the action of histamine (a compound released in allergic inflammatory reactions) at the H1 receptor sites, responsible for immediate hypersensitivity reactions such as sneezing and itching. Members of this class of drugs may also be used for their side effects, including sedation and antiemesis (prevention of nausea and vomiting).

Antipyretic - A drug that reduces fever primarily through action on the hypothalamus, thereby resulting in increased heat dissipation through augmented peripheral blood flow and sweating.
drugs that lower your body temperature from a raised state.